And then it takes hours or even days for the soil to get back to its equilibrium.”. Led by Mary Comerio, UC Berkeley, and After each major earthquake, comprehensive field investigations and inspections were conducted to document the liquefaction-induced land damage, lateral spreading displacements and their impacts on buildings and infrastructure. Earthquake Maps – Observations from the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. The liquefaction affected 60,000 residential buildings (properties), large number of CBD buildings, and the lifelines and infrastructure over approximately one third of the city area. The city of Christchurch experienced a major earthquake centred south of the city; severe damage and casualties occurred. He says this finding explained why some areas of the city that contained liquefiable soils sustained much less damage than expected. Most notable of these wase th 4 September event, at Ms7.1 and MM7 (MM as observed in the Christchurch CBD) and EERI Special Earthquake Report — May 2011 From February 22 to March 19, 2011, deaths. Listen to the full podcast to hear more about ways to create more resilient horizontal infrastructure, and the liquefaction risk posed by reclaimed land on the Wellington waterfront. M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011. A deep layer of liquefaction acts as an isolation mechanism, preventing earthquake waves from reaching shallower soils. CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND - FEBRUARY 22: A Bus covered in building debris is seen on February 22, 2011 in Christchurch, New Zealand. 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes is currently estimated to be in the range between 25 and 30 billion NZ dollars (or 15% to 18% of New Zealand’s GDP). Liquefaction at Wellington port's container terminal. What we do during an earthquake and why it matters – David Johnston says that when it comes to earthquakes, sometimes doing nothing is a safer option than taking the wrong action. Misko helped map and study liquefaction in Christchurch after the 2011 earthquake. 1999 Peugeot 406 7-Seat Estate 2.1TD, What we do during an earthquake and why it matters, Motorcyclist killed in Governors Bay crash, Mosque threats: Man granted interim name suppression, US polo player death: Jail after clothes hidden, Threatening to kill charge after Christchurch mosques threat, Driver ploughs through fence, abandons baby, Police investigate fraud claims against horse trainer. EERI Special Earthquake Report — May 2011 From February 22 to March 19, 2011, deaths. Photo: AFP. and June 2011 earthquakes, this triggering had little-to-no consequence on the built environment in some areas where state-of-the-practice liquefaction procedures suggested severe ground failure and damaging effects should have been anticipated. New Zealand Earthquakes. On 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck New Zealand’s Port Hills, sending a devastating shockwave through the country’s then second-most-populous city, Christchurch. ISSMGE IT Administrator. 2011 Christchurch earthquake was the most damaging event, due to the close proximity of its rupture plane to Christchurch, resulting in 185 fatalities and causing widespread lique- faction(e.g.,Cubrinovskietal.2011,Cubrinovskietal.2012,Greenetal.2011,Maureretal. Misko Cubrinovski, a University of Canterbury geotechnical earthquake engineer, explains that liquefaction is the result of a solid medium – soil – turning into a fluid medium due to violent shaking. Designing low damage buildings - Low-damage buildings don't just save lives in an earthquake, says Geoff Rodgers - they are designed to be resilient so they can stay in use. "The seismic hazard of Christchurch is higher than anticipated before these earthquakes, and that means we will have to provide more robust design against liquefaction and be more rigorous in the assessment of liquefaction, especially because this higher seismic hazard may remain for some time," he said. 23-06-2017. This paper summarizes the characteristics of liquefaction and discusses its impacts on residential houses and buried pipe networks. Misko Cubrinovski has spent his professional career studying liquefaction caused by earthquakes, but even he was surprised by how widespread and extensive the effects of liquefaction were following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The 6.3 magnitude earthquake - an aftershock of the 7.1 magnitude quake on September 4 - struck 20km southeast of Christchurch at around 1pm local time, with initial reports suggesting damage and fatalities far exceeding the initial quake. These earthquakes were centred near Sumner, approximately 10km south-east of the CBD. The Christchurch suburb of Bexley is flooded with silt and water forced up through the weakened ground by liquefaction following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Image courtesy of Mark Lincoln. 185 people were killed in the earthquake … The suburb of Bexley beside the Avon River was badly hit by liquefaction in the 2011 Christchurch earthquakes. Disaster law - John Hopkins and Toni Collins explain disaster law and shortcomings in New Zealand's legal system highlighted by the Canterbury earthquakes. These earthquakes caused further damage in Christchurch and localised areas outside the city. Led by Mary Comerio, UC Berkeley, and March 4, 2011 . Liquefaction at Wellington port's container terminal. Photo: Supplied / CentrePort. Earthquake - What to do? Primary effects (caused directly by the earthquake) 1. Liquefaction in the Christchurch red zone. Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. Silver Ferns take down Aussies in thrilling comeback, No new community cases ahead of level changes, Tiger Woods 'found unconscious' in crashed SUV. A major earthquake occurred in Christchurch, New Zealand, on Tuesday 22 February 2011 at 12:51 p.m. local time (23:51 UTC, 21 February). The Christchurch Earthquake (2011) Home; Causes ; Impacts ; Mitigation; References ; Casualties, Damages and Other Effects. Kaikōura. Cook Strait. Following the earthquakes, a lot of information has been collected about the city’s ground conditions. NZ Herald's South Island head of news, Hamish Clark, remembers in vivid detail how the 2011 quake devastated Christchurch. Widespread liquefaction in a team organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center investigated the effects of the Christchurch earthquake. On Tuesday 22 February 2011 at 12.51 p.m. Christchurch was badly damaged by a magnitude 6.3 earthquake, which killed 185 people and injured several thousand. Christchurch is very familiar with liquefaction, with parts of the city experiencing significant liquefaction as a result of the 2010/2011 Canterbury Earthquakes. What we do during an earthquake and why it matters, Liquefaction: lessons from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, High-rise apartments in central Wellington. “Probably it is the largest urban liquefaction on record in the world.”, Misko Cubrinovski, from the University of Canterbury's School of Engineering, studies liquefaction and lateral spreading on Oxford Terrace, after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. On 22 February 2011, Christchurch experienced a severe earthquake resulting in much loss of lives, destruction … and liquefaction. In this extreme example, sand covered the road due to ground-surface subsidence and sand blows. 2011, Robinson et al. Liquefaction develops very quickly during strong earthquakes. While liquefaction can extend 15-20 metres deep, it’s most damaging consequences happen close to the ground surface, in the top five metres, says Misko. Liquefaction is a well known natural process in Christchurch following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes. Misko Cubrinovski, a University of Canterbury geotechnical earthquake engineer, explains that liquefaction is the result of a solid medium – soil – turning into a fluid medium due to violent shaking. Liquefaction is a process that temporarily turns firm ground into a liquid. Here’s a video a clever New Zealand man made to demonstrate liquefaction in action as he cleaned up the mess around his house: So why does this happen? While liquefaction can extend 15-20 metres deep, it’s most damaging consequences happen close to the ground surface, in the top five metres, says Misko. Evidence of liquefaction in Christchurch, New Zealand . Liquefaction is a process that temporarily turns firm ground into a liquid. This car toppled into a hole near Shortland Street in the suburb of Aranui following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Photo: University of Canterbury, Subscribe to Our Changing World for free on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, iHeartRADIO, Google Podcasts, RadioPublic or wherever you listen to your podcasts. This high pressure water forces soil particles apart and the soil loses its structure, says Misko, becoming a viscous fluid. Story. Lateral spreading happens when liquefaction stretches and tears the ground. Oggcast (Vorbis). Technical. He says one of the most significant discoveries from the research was that “liquefaction at large depths can prevent manifestation of liquefaction effects on the ground surface.”. Soils that are susceptible to liquefaction are generally sandy, silty or gravelly, and have to be saturated with water. About – How liquefaction occurs and its consequences. Gallery. He was involved in Scirt – the Stronger Christchurch Infrastructure Rebuild Team - which was created immediately after the 2011 earthquakes to rebuild Christchurch's damaged horizontal infrastructure, such as water and sewage pipes. Preparing for the next big quake - University of Canterbury earthquake engineer Brendon Bradley says we can’t predict when and where earthquakes will occur, but “we do have probabilistic models that tell us the likelihood that certain faults are going to rupture over a certain period of time.”. Christchurch, February 22, 2011 earthquake anniversary: GNS scientists reflect on seismic event. In 2010 and 2011, the city of Christchurch (New Zealand) was hit by a sequence of strong, local and devastating earthquakes. Seismological Research Letters (2011) 82 (6): 893–904. Photo: Sarah Bastin. Liquefaction: lessons from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake - Misko Cubrinovski has spent his professional career studying liquefaction caused by earthquakes, but even he was surprised by how widespread and extensive the effects of liquefaction were following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Links. Soil liquefaction occurs when a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an earthquake or other sudden change in stress condition, in which material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid. Misko Cubrinovski, Jonathan D. Bray, Merrick Taylor, Simona Giorgini, Brendon Bradley, Liam Wotherspoon, Joshua Zupan; Soil Liquefaction Effects in the Central Business District during the February 2011 Christchurch Earthquake. Misko is interested in how buildings and other structures such as pipes respond to shaking and liquefaction. Damage from liquefaction may have been worsened by the high water table from a wet winter. This example happened during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Details. Three GNS Science seismologists recollect their experience of the Big Ones and talk about the lessons we have learned from these ten shaky years. Photo: RNZ / Diego Opatowski. Lesson Plans. Loose, sandy soils behave like a liquid as water is forced up to the surface. Virtual Tours. The Christchurch suburb of Bexley is flooded with silt and water forced up through the weakened ground by liquefaction following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Next. Major Faults in New Zealand. Crusaders open gate for private investors; could Vbase be an option? Home / Learning / Science Topics / Earthquakes / Gallery / Liquefaction Damage, Christchurch, February 2011. During the Canterbury earthquakes of September 2010 and February 2011, liquefaction caused silt and fine sand to boil up and bury streets and gardens and caused buildings and vehicles to sink. Liquefaction in Christchurch. suburbs of Christchurch. Christchurch during the earthquake series of 2010 to 2011. Misko Cubrinovski, from the University of Canterbury's School of Engineering, studies liquefaction and lateral spreading on Oxford Terrace, after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Title: Impacts of Liquefaction in the 2010-2011 Christchurch Earthquakes. When the ground starts shaking – GeoNet turns 15, Complexity – six months of Kaikōura earthquake science, Buildings that better survive earthquakes, Understanding New Zealand’s largest fault, Bull kelp genes and earthquake uplift - a surprising connection. Some have probably told their stories many times to friends and family. Following the Christchurch earthquakes of 2010-2011 Tonkin + Taylor performed a large amount of geotechnical analysis for Christchurch City Council (CCC) and Environment Canterbury (ECan) to better understand possible liquefaction-induced damage under future earthquake events. Monitoring Earthquakes. Presenter: Prof. Misko Cubrinovski. Posted by Austin Elliott ... Here’s an example from Christchurch. This example happened during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Vulnerability Map – A map showing how liquefaction vulnerability varies across Christchurch. Liquefaction in Christchurch, 2011. Liquefaction affected large areas of Christchurch because many suburbs are built on soft soils or sand. Most earthquake damage is caused by ground shaking. Misko says that Christchurch is still experiencing the significant consequences of liquefaction ten years after it occurred. Liquefaction occurs when soil loses strength and stiffness due to earthquake shaking. EFFECTS OF THE FEBRUARY 2011 EARTHQUAKE. Summer Shalders (Olliver) was trapped and badly injured in the collapse of the PGC Building. A decade of earthquakes - Darfield.