But Chase was every bit as tough as Chanel and it was usually the couturier who had to back down. It was considered expedient for Chanel to leave France and she was spirited away to Switzerland, with the agreement of Winston Churchill it has always been rumoured. Her professional life began in 1906 when she became the mistress to a French textile heir and racehorse owner. She was showered and pampered by his riches in the form of diamonds, pearls and dresses. With time Chanel's business empire flourished and by 1935 she employed four thousand people. Cocos Leben. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post-World War I era with popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style, replacing the "corseted silhouette" that was dominant beforehand. 93 quotes from Coco Chanel: 'The most courageous act is still to think for yourself. During this time she made her stage debut singing at a cafe concert in a Moulins pavilion, La Rotonde and she acquired the name ‘Coco’, because of the two songs she sang which she became identified, "Ko Ko Ri Ko", and "Qui qu'a vu Coco", or it was an allusion to the French word for kept woman, cocotte. Her ambition needed an outlet. Chanel was increasingly intrigued by the casual elegance of men's clothing, especially for wear in the country, and took many ideas from Capel's wardrobe, which were the basis for what was, by the end of the war a good business, with a Couture house registered in rue Cambon and a thriving establishment “pour le sport” in Biarritz. So, facts are scarce and, throughout her life, Chanel took advantage of this. From the birth of Gabrielle Chanel to the present day, discover the most important dates in the history of the House of CHANEL She chose lovers for their power and how it could help her. Lhasa Apso siblings. She introduced a range of casual clothes and sportswear. After loosing Brandy, life was a mess so - we went to get one - but just could not leave the other one behind. In 1906, she went to the spa resort town of Vichy and tried her best to become a stage performer but soon realized that a stage career was not her cup of tea and thus she returned to Moulins. Father: Andrew Celaya Mother: Betsey Celaya Brother(s): Lucien Chanel, Augustin Chanel, Pierre Chanel, Alphonse Chanel Sister(s): Julia Chanel, Antoinette Chanel Author: Tim Ott Updated: Jun 15, … Enjoy the best Coco Chanel Quotes at BrainyQuote. LIFE OF COCO CHANEL She was a French dressmaker who revolutionized fashion and the world of haute couture, expressed the aspirations of freedom and equality of women of the twentieth century, and she was the founder of the Chanel brand. A portrait of one of the most iconic figures of the 20th century that was greater than life itself. In Deauville, she introduced casual knits and dresses shockingly simple compared to what was coming out of the salons of the couturiers in Paris. Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel was born on August 19, 1883. Even as a young girl, she had beauty, which developed into a coquettish style that entranced men throughout her entire life, thereby enabling her to get whatever she wanted from them. Coco Chanel during World War Two. ', 'A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous. Karl Lagerfeld has been chief designer of Chanel's fashion house since 1982. If things went well, they allowed themselves to have a primitive farm and settled down in some old abandoned s… He had one of the most important events of his life, he launched his perfume Chanel No. The two became friends and in 1912 “Coco” Chanel made two hats for Dorziat’s appearance in Maupassant's play "Bel Ami" at the Vaudeville theatre in Paris. Education. Treten Sie ein in die Welt von CHANEL und entdecken Sie das Neueste aus den Bereichen Mode & Accessoires, Brillen, Parfums & Makeup, Schmuck & Uhren. Fondation CHANEL has been working to improve the economic and social conditions of women and adolescent girls. Komplette Handlung und Informationen zu Coco Chanel The design of Chanel’s signature scent ‘Chanel 5’ drew inspiration from knick-knacks carried by Capel. Guarding her own position, she did everything to denigrate them and their style. Gossip at the time said that it was No. She was the first person to see style as both, classic and casual. The famous French designer, founder of the Chanel brand, symbolized a true before and after in the way people saw fashion, but also how people saw women.A lot of the clothes people wear nowadays still have her traces on them. Her funeral was organized at eglise de la Madeleine and the first seats were occupied by her fashion models. She was aware that young women, looking at their mothers, destroyed by the loss of husbands and sons, felt it almost a compulsion to not fall in love. PARIS, Jan. 10--Gabrielle (Coco) Chanel, one of the greatest couturiers of the 20th century, died tonight in her apartment at the Ritz Hotel. And he extended his boutique on 31 Rue Cambon, to numbers 27 and 29, and opened a branch in Cannes. First a mistress of a wealthy military officer and then of an English industrialist, Chanel drew on the resources of these patrons in setting up a millinery shop in … He married Jeanne Devolle several years after Coco Chanel was born. She also was quite a party animal and had wide network of people with whom she socialised, built connections and did business. Period: Aug 19, 1883 to Jan 10, 1971. So she turned to formal menswear; the stiff white collar and starched cuffs made a chic declaration of masculine conformity and superiority. Dort lancierte sie das legendäre Chanel-Kostüm. Known as one of the leading modernises and directional creators of fashion in the 20th century, she had also, in Chanel No. Her mother died when her daughter was 12, and any fortune teller would have predicted a dark and dreary life of sadness for her from that point. Gabrielle was born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France in the family of fair trader Albert Chanel and his girlfriend Eugénie Jeanne Devolle. Fondation CHANEL was created in 2011 to support projects that aim to improve the economic and social conditions of women and adolescent girls around the world Dort lernte sie das Nähen. I believe her “little black dress” of the ‘20s was inspired by three things. The Chanel suit is a standard garment in modern fashion, worn by teenagers as well as their grandmothers. The hats were of straw, with wide brims turned up on one side. Das duftintensive Parfum etwa gibt es in 7,5- oder 15-Milliliter-Fläschchen. Her father coudn't care for his five children so her two brothers got sent to an all boys orphanage. Aloud. LIFE OF COCO CHANEL Timeline created by albaarias. Chanel was not happy with the fussy, encumbering pre-world War I high fashion look and when Capel gave her a boutique in Deauville in 1913, she began an insidious private war to try to make women as modern and comfortable in their clothing as men were — especially active, outdoor types like Capel. She was instrumental in breaking the stereotype and liberating woman from the stifling ‘corseted silhouette’ and making the sporty casual chic look not only acceptable but also trendy and very fashionable. In her free time, she used to sing in cabaret frequented by cavalry officers. Later in 1908, Chanel had an affair with Balsan’s friend Captain Arthur Edward Boy Capel. Secondly, she wanted women to stop looking down–trodden and destroyed with grief. Chanel’s father Albert Chanel was a rambling street vendor who peddled work clothes and undergarments for a living. Born in Saumur, in the Loire Valley of France, Chanel survived an impoverished childhood and strict convent education. © 2021 The Business of Fashion. She was born in the workhouse in the Loire Valley where her mother worked, although she asserted that she was born in Auvergne. … She did a lot of sewing sewing in the six years that she stayed in Aubazine which earned her a job as a seamstress. When Capel died in a car accident, in 1919, Chanel was shattered. Her extraordinary fashion sense was not just limited to couture clothing but also reflected in fragrance, handbags and jewellery. Enjoy reading Coco Chanel life story on AstrumPeople. Ein Coco Chanel Eau de Parfum oder Eau de Toilette erhalten Sie meist in Mengen zu 50 und 100 ml. She died on January 10, 1971 in Paris, France. The legendary concept of the little black dress is often cited as a Chanel’s contribution to the fashion lexicon. She had a very hard life growing up; she grew up in an church orphanage and never saw her dad. She died, alone, in 1971, aged 88, after a hard day’s work. 5, in 1922. August 1883 in Saumur, Pays de la Loire; 10. Life in a strict catholic institution run by sadistic nuns, determined to bring all their charge to heel, had no such effect on Chanel except to make her rebel against all forms of discipline and fight to have her own way. It would be very hard for a man to live with me, unless he’s terribly strong. 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She was popular, not least because she had developed into a dramatically beautiful young woman. She didn't have everything her own way, of course there were other important couturiers in Paris, not least Vionnet, Madame Grès and Lanvin and her two arch rivals, Patou in the ‘20s and Schiaparelli in the ‘30s. Aus dieser Zeit stammt vermutlich ihr Spitzname Coco. Coco Chanel was a renowned French fashion designer who founded the fashion brand ‘Chanel’. When his wife died of tuberculosis, the father, an indigent pedlar, dumped his three daughters in the grounds of an orphanage and disappeared. Her signa… She seemed more of an enigma and lied on many instances, masking her real age and place of birth. Firstly Chanel recognised the need for post-war mourning — even for young women — but thought that it could be more chic than the traditional women's needs. She did not have a great childhood and grew up with poverty surrounding her. Coco Chanel's Secret Life as a Nazi Agent. This became Chanel’s fashion trademark. And if … But during the late 1930s her business began to dip. According to a biography ‘Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life’ Andre Palasse, supposedly the only child of her sister Julia-Berthe who had committed suicide, was actually Chanel's child by Balsan. The boutique at Deauville became quite successful. Both exemplified the principles that illuminated Coco Chanel's entire designing life: the luxury of simplicity; the insistence on perfection of workmanship and quality of materials and perhaps, her most lasting gift to fashion; the need for a fashionable woman to be slim and keep slim throughout her entire life. With the cessation of war, France was out to punish those who had collaborated with the German occupation force. In 1910, she opened a hat shop. Teilweise erhalten Sie die verschiedenen Parfum-Variationen auch in größeren Mengen von 200 ml. Darum wuchs das Mädchen im Waisenhaus eines Klosters auf. Quotations by Coco Chanel, French Designer, Born August 19, 1883. Jahrhunderts, weil sie mit ihrem Comeback in den 50er-Jahren berühmt wurde. They failed to break her spirit but certainly hardened her resolve to take control of her life as soon as she could. She also claimed that she was born ten years later to what people actually thought. She had the whole building of 31 rue Cambon in one of the most fashionable districts of Paris. Coco Chanel was born on August 19, 1883 in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France as Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. Since that time more words have been written about her than any other fashion designer of the 20th century. Coco Chanel is a fashion legend and served as a pioneer for women in a time when many women were afraid to be bold and go for their dreams. 93 quotes from Coco Chanel: 'The most courageous act is still to think for yourself. Coco decided to copy the jewel and sent them to the market, also introduced the Chanel Suit, raised the skirt from the ankle to above the knee. We know very little about the childhood of Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. Chanel presented her new collection on February 5 1954. 5 that forced her decision, as it was losing its pole position without the glamour of clothes and fashion shows to bolster sales. She would take the money in exchange for her body and use it to preserve her independence. Coco Chanel ist ein Biopic aus dem Jahr 2008 von Christian Duguay mit Shirley MacLaine, Barbora Bobulova und Malcolm McDowell. Subsequently Biaritzz did very well for Chanel. Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer and businesswoman. The 1914-1918 war was not a time for extravagance and the privations of war made women more receptive to simplicity then they might otherwise have been. As far as we know, she was christened Gabrielle and legitimised when her parents married a year after her birthday. Die Mutter starb früh, der Vater, ein Hausierer, kümmerte sich nicht um die insgesamt sechs Kinder. Despite her lack of formal education, Chanel had an intellectual acuity rare in fashion circles. Dorziat later modelled the hats for photographs in “Les Modes”. I think the judgement of history would be less ambivalent. Coco Chanel Career. Coco Chanel was born on August 19th 1883 by the name Gabrielle Chanel. Her style and palette seems as modern today as it was then: chic and sportive during the day, based on crisp, flattering linearity and romantic at night. Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel | Source: Courtesy. She was 87 years old. Die Mutter von Gabrielle Chanel starb im jungen alter, so wuchs das noch kleine Mädchen in einem Waienhaus auf. She chose the right moment. Coco Chanel was primarily responsible for developing the concept of applying jersey fabric to create and adorn clothing for women’ undergarments. Can Versace Grow a Business as Big as Its Brand? Coco Chanel’s lessons are much more than an inventory of fashion and beauty tips. France, like Britain, was still in mourning for the young men lost in the carnage of the war. Aloud. Everyone spent the summer in the fashionable resort of Deauville. She was a true catalyst for fashion change, but not always a very original creator. Why Kering Invested in Vestiaire Collective, The Secret Way People Buy and Sell Secondhand Clothes, OTB Buys Jil Sander as Fashion M&A Heats Up. After Capel, there was the Grand Duke Dimitri of Russia and the Duke of Westminster and, during World War II, Haus Gunther von Dincklage, despite the fact that it was treason to consort with members of the occupying German force in Paris. Her early years were anything but glamorous. Three thousand of her workers lost their jobs – it was seen partly as retaliation for previous conflicts with workers, where her workers had sought better wages and conditions. 5 perfume, Coco Chanel is credited with transforming sartorial tastes for … As she observed: "Chanel has the spirit of a Till Eulenspiegel…One could never be sure whether her mischief making was deliberate or unconscious." She confided to a good friend as ‘His death was a terrible blow to me. Hier geht's zum Starporträt. PARIS, France — It would be impossible to dispute the claim that Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel is the most famous designer in history — the reputation outstripping that of rivals such as Dior, Balenciaga and Yves Saint Laurent, all of whom gave much more to fashion than she did. And the miracle? She never trusted men. Coco Chanel was born Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. Chanel had pulled off a coup and a miracle. Chanel is the only fashion designer who features on Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Chanel’s signature scent ‘Chanel 5’ is an iconic product in the perfume world and is fancied by most big celebrities and also common people. Chanel, the Couturier, Dead in Paris Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. Coco Chanel (1883 – 1971) is an outstanding French fashion designer, creator of the fashion empire of the XX century. Coco & Chanel. Chanel was ambitious, determined and hard-working lady whose effort clearly reflected in her work. She reopened her couture house in Paris, in 1954. ', and 'It’s probably not just by chance that I’m alone. And there Coco Chanel's career could have stopped, and she would have still held the honoured place she does today. In 1913, Chanel with the help of Arthur Capel, who financed her, opened a boutique in Deauville. The stylish flattering cut, simple but pleasing fabric, and gracious look of Coco Chanel suit made it so famous and perfect choice of women. For more information read our Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy. Coco Chanel will "ein Parfum für Frauen, das den Duft der Frauen trägt." When Chanel was 12, she lost her mother to bronchitis and her father put Chanel and other daughters to the convent of Aubazine in Central France. Coco was also a witness of times that had disappeared, the Belle Époque and the Roaring Twenties, leaving her alone and bitter at the twilight of her life. Coco Chanel 1921-ben egy a Francia Riviérán töltött vakációja során találkozott Ernest Beaux-val, a híres parfümkészítővel. He took her to Paris and, within a year, she opened her first millinery establishment in a narrow backstreet called rue Cambon, on January 1 1910. Coco Chanel gilt heute als die Modeschöpferin des 20. other designers such as, Elsa Schiaparelli began to make their mark and the beginning of World War II, forced Chanel to close her shops. A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realizing her design aesthetic in jewellery, handbags, and fragrance. fabric (and how she could use it) and horses were two of her life long passions, as were wealthy, influential men who paid the bills and helped her business endeavours. ', 'A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous. The death of Coco, as she was known the world over, was announced by close friends. The iconic Chanel bag, also known as ‘2.55’, name after the date of the bag’s creation (February 1955) made bag more of a style statement and a luxurious product apart from it being a necessity for women. Chanel created timeless classics and set a high benchmark for the fashion designers to come. The famous ‘Chanel suit’ specially tailored for women encouraged women to pursue their professional goals in style. Coco Chanel, Liebhaberin des Luxus und der einflussreichen Männer, hatte nie vorgehabt, sich ihr Leben wegen eines politischen oder militärischen Streits kaputtmachen zu lassen. Gabrielle Coco Chanel (laut Geburtsurkunde eigentlich Gabrielle Chasnel;[1] * 19. Her lover, Boy Capel, took her with him everywhere and she soon learned how aristocrats and the beau monde lived, talked and dressed. At the start of the Second World War in 1939, Chanel closed her shops, stating that war was not a time for fashion. Her elegantly casual designs inspired women of fashion to abandon the complicated, uncomfortable clothes—such as petticoats and corsets—that were prevalent in 19th-century dress. But, instead, she decided to make a comeback — a risky decision for an old woman no longer in sympathy with the current fashions. She grew up in a time — the last years of the 19th century — and in a place — rural France — when the lives of the poor were rarely fully documented. Chanel's life and happiness — if she ever were happy — were torn apart by the death of Capel in a car accident in 1919. But being the mistress of a busy man was not enough for Chanel. The designer Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel had the nickname COCO in her early days of fashion When was Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel born? Her and her sisters get sent to an all girls orphanage. Her mother Eugenie Jeanne Devolle was a laundry woman in the Charity hospital run by the Sisters of Providence in Saumur, France. All rights reserved. Geboren am 19 August 1883 in Saumur. Although Chanel did not have a pleasant stay at Aubazine, it did do a little good to her eventually. Updated for 2021. Chanel had a tough time in Aubazine, as it was a demanding place, and thus she fled from there to boarding house for Catholic girls in the town of Moulins. Capel was found having an affair and also married an English aristocrat but never completely broke off with Chanel. Je höher die Parfumöl-Konzentration desto kleiner sind oft auch die Flakons. By 1919, she was registered as a couturiere and established her maison de couture at 31 rue Cambon. Share with your friends. The French press, still unforgiving of her behaviour during the war, were lukewarm but the American and British press saw her soft, little suits as a breakthrough uniting chic and youth in a fresh accessible way. Chanel died on 10 January 1971 at Hotel Ritz where she lived for 30 years. She objected to her clothes being featured on the same spread as his and frequently threatened to cancel her advertising if she couldn't have her own way. The independent garçonne was changing ideas of femininity and slim, sportive Chanel saw the signs before anyone else. Her mother dies of tuberculosis. However, her designs were well received by the British and the Americans. Download free high quality (4K) pictures and wallpapers with Coco Chanel Quotes. It would be very hard for a man to live with me, unless he’s terribly strong. She was determined to stop their chauvinistic romanticism (as it seemed to her) making overdressed masculine trophies of the modern woman whom she had worked so hard to create as a powerful being, largely dependant of men. Liberation came when Chanel went to Moulins to work as a seamstress and eked out a wage by singing in a bar, where she was nicknamed Coco after a song she sang. Coco Chanel: Die Designerin, dessen Namen man bis heute kennt, schuf revolutionäre Mode und schrieb große Parfümgeschichte. Coco Chanel worked until her death in 1971 at the age of 88, spending her last moments in the style she had become accustomed to at her opulent private apartment in The Ritz. Coco Chanel, byname of Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel, (born August 19, 1883, Saumur, France—died January 10, 1971, Paris), French fashion designer who ruled Parisian haute couture for almost six decades. They fell in love, probably the only time Chanel ever did. Although she admired and accepted Balenciaga as a great craftsman as well as creator, she saw Dior, Balmain and others as undoing all the work she had done to simplify and modernise women's dress. What followed was not a life of happiness, I have to say’. Capel, himself being a well-dressed man influenced the conception of the Chanel look. In her youth, she was a seamstress and a nightclubsinger. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/gabrielle-bonheur-chanel-1092.php, Celebrities Who Look Beautiful Even Without Makeup, The Hottest Male Celebrities With The Best Abs, Celebrities Who Are Not In The Limelight Anymore. She later said that with his death she lost everything, but it could also be said that she gained a great deal. It has been calculated there was virtually no family in either country untouched by tragedy — and mourning filled the streets of Paris and London with women wearing black. Add to this the grim memory of the nuns, whom she never ceased to hate in their black habits and white coifs, and the fact that spicing the black of a dress with white collar and cuffs perversely made an aristocrat into a indoor servant who served the tea and ran the bath water, and you have the sort of complex Rubik cube that so much of Chanel's fashion had. Who Will Be Fashion’s First Clubhouse Star? It was either the rectangular, bevelled lines of the Charvet toiletry bottles Capel carried in his leather traveling case or the exquisite design of the whiskey decanter. Chanel was born on 19 August 1883 to an unwed mother Eugenie Jeanne Devolle. She was one of five children and the family lived in abject poverty. Coco Chanel was a renowned French fashion designer who founded the fashion brand ‘Chanel’. In losing Capel, ‘I lost everything. The facts of her early days are not easily verifiable. She was romantically involved with French ex-cavalry officer Etienne Balsan and became his mistress at the age of 23. Her net worth is $15 billion. Among the key designers who made a bold and lasting impression on women’s fashion in the twentieth century, Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel (1883–1971) deserves special recognition. siblings: Alphonse Chanel, Antoinette Chanel, Augustin Chanel, Julia Chanel, Lucien Chanel, awards: 1957 - Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, See the events in life of Coco Chanel in Chronological Order. Profession: Fashion Designer, Dressmaker, Custom Designer Known For: Coco Debut TV Series/Movie: The In betweeners (2012) as Lizzy Salary: Under review Net Worth: USD $100 million approx Family & Relatives. Coco Chanel Career. They did not have a permanent place to live. Coco Chanel was 12 when her mother died. Chanel created timeless classics and set a high benchmark for the fashion designers to come. It is unsure how she actually got the nickname 'Coco" but she claimed she got it from her father others claim she got it from a nickname in show business. During the World War II, she was accused of being a Nazi spy. Schiaparelli had a fairground boldness and wit, which grabbed the headlines every season, to Chanel's deep chagrin. The story will captivate you from the first lines. Capel's death — as violent and saddening as death in the trenches — made a bridge between her and the rest of her sex. In the fourth instalment of BoF’s fashion history series, we meet the creator of the “little black dress,” who took her cues from a country in mourning. It is often forgotten that in the ‘20s and ‘30s, she created feminine evening dresses of lace that gave women as much authority as her day wear did. Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel, the designer doyenne who founded fashion’s most famous house, used her lovers’ money to establish herself and rewrote the rulebook with her mannish collections. The fashion designer aided in undercover missions for Abwehr during World War II. Biographies, memoirs, diaries, films, even a play; her life has been turned inside out for all to enjoy and there is no reason to believe that the flow of words and images devoted to her will diminish in the foreseeable future, any more than that intertwined Cs of the company's logo will ever go out of fashion. She was 71 when she made her comeback. Her grave is located in the Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery, Lausanne, Switzerland. In 1919, she opened a house of fashion in Paris, and introduced her perfume, Chanel No. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COCO1970.jpg. But anyone who could read character and willpower would have known the possibility of a different life path. Father: Andrew Celaya Mother: Betsey Celaya Brother(s): Lucien Chanel, Augustin Chanel, Pierre Chanel, Alphonse Chanel Sister(s): Julia Chanel, Antoinette Chanel And if … Chanel, akiről ebben az időben egész Párizs beszélt, arra kérte Ernest, hogy készítsen neki egyedi parfümöt. Her story has become legendary and at least its basic facts are now part of fashion mythology, even to those who have no special interest in the fashion world. 5, given the world its best known and most popular fragrance. Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel (1883-1971) Share. Chanel also claimed that when her mother died, her father sent her off two mean cold-hearted aunts but in reality she was sent to Aubazine, a home for orphaned and abandoned girls. She was the first person to see style as both, classic and casual. She retired in 1939, but returned to fashion with great success in 1954. Chanel’s personal life was full of controversies. Coco Chanel hatte eine traurige Kindheit. She is known for her work on The Rules of the Game (1939), Tonight or Never (1931) and Éducation sentimentale (1962). Others claimed that it was Chanel's personal hatred of homosexual designers who, in the ‘50s, dominated Paris couture. Chanel spent World War II holed up in the Ritz with her German officer, von Dincklage, having closed down her business in 1939. Chanel and her work can be best described in her own words ‘Fashion fades, only style remains’. Coco avant Chanel (Coco Before Chanel) by Anne Fontaine is a great film to show in the secondary world language classroom while teaching units about fashion, important French people in history, and the francophone culture. Januar 1971 in Paris) war eine international bekannte französische Modedesignerin und Unternehmerin. 5, a perfume that consists of 80 ingredients and is a classic today. Inspired by this, she opened one such boutique in Biaritzz, in 1915. In Biarritzz, Chanel had a romantic interlude with an aristocrat Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia.