These organized crime groups cause significant financial harm to the United States each year. The jewelry and gem industry sustains estimated annual losses in excess of $1.5 billion. Where they choose to commit the crime, the selected weapon, and how they later dispose of the body will unwittingly reveal who they really are. These groups engage in a myriad of criminal activity including passport fraud, access device fraud, identify theft, healthcare fraud, real estate fraud, insurance fraud, money laundering, drug trafficking, human smuggling, prostitution, and extortion. The FBI is dedicated to eliminating transnational organized crime groups that pose the greatest threat to the national and economic security of the United States. The ’Ndrangheta formed in the 1860s when a group of Sicilians was banished from the island by the Italian government. A considerable percentage of white-collar offenders are gainfully employed middle-aged Caucasian men who usually commit their first white-collar offense sometime between their late thirties through their mid-forties and appear to have middle-class backgrounds. The Bureau deploys subject matter experts to international locations to develop strategies to address TOC matters impacting the region, as well as to identify targets of mutual interest. High-ranking victims include police commissioners, mayors, judges, police colonels and generals, and Parliament members. However, state crime is under-acknowledged by popular and academic authors. The vast sums of money involved can compromise legitimate economies and have a direct impact on governments through the corruption of public officials. On May 29, 2009, Attorney General Eric Holder announced the creation of the International Organized Crime Intelligence and Operations Center (IOC-2), which marshals the resources and information of nine U.S. law enforcement agencies, as well as federal prosecutors, to collectively combat the threats posed by international criminal organizations to domestic safety and security. Jewelry and gem thefts are often committed by organized criminal enterprises consisting of sophisticated thieves and organized fences for the stolen property. The FBI focuses its limited resources on disrupting and dismantling the most sophisticated multi-jurisdictional criminal organizations responsible for the interstate and international trafficking of stolen vehicles, especially those that use the criminal proceeds from vehicle theft to fund other criminal activity. Their motivation is often, but not always, financial gain. Major theft crimes caused by transnational, national, and regionally based criminal enterprises have a devastating impact on the U.S. economy, not only contributing to the rise of consumer prices, but also to the loss of tax revenues to states and communities. They’re precise and controlled in their planning and execution, leaving little to no evidence at the scene of the crime. Evidence and studies suggest Eurasian TOC groups no longer conform to the typical hierarchal structure of traditional organized crime groups, but instead are divided into supporting networks, or cells, each having a different function or responsibility while sharing a common overarching goal. Balkan TOC groups are politically and financially motivated groups influenced by, associated with, or originating from Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, and Romania. Protection of activities and interests often led to violence between the clans. The Sicilian Mafia is infamous for its aggressive assaults on Italian law enforcement officials.