membranous labyrinth vs bony labyrinth

Read More. Analysis of vestibular labyrinthine geometry and variation in the human temporal bone. After incubation in I2KI the bone was imaged using an XRadia MicroXCT-400 at 130 kV with an isotropic voxel size of 25.38 μm. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033568. High resolution scanning electron microscopy of the human organ of Corti. superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle, superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, ostiomeatal narrowing due to variant anatomy. These bony cavities are lined with periosteum and contain perilymph. It is a post-fixative that provides strong additional X-ray attenuation contrast because of the heavy metal component. (H) High-magnification image of representative soft tissues of the decalcified Karnovsky-fixed and OsO4-post-fixed sample. washed in PBS, and inner ears incubated either with I2KI, I2E, Gastrografin®, PTA, or OsO4. In future studies we plan to utilize electron microscopic analysis with exact tonotopical localization in the cochlea along with microanatomical and ultrastructural techniques to get a more comprehensive view of the fascinating and highly complex hearing and balance organ across a representative number of specimens. Evol. (2006). We previously studied animal and human inner ears with synchrotron radiation micro tomography (SRmicroCT), which provided excellent contrast of soft tissues when post-fixed with OsO4 and imaged at spatial resolutions down to the sub-cellular level (Lareida et al., 2009). Membranous Labyrinth The membranous labyrinth is a continuous system of ducts filled with endolymph. The close anatomical relationship between the membranous cochlea and the bony cochlear labyrinth allows (E) Longitudinal virtual section through mouse cochlea stained with OsO4 scaled to HU. An intensity template is registered non-rigidly to a target dataset and the resulting transformation is used to propagate the anatomical structure label of the template into the space of the target dataset (Lotjonen et al., 2010). We processed 50 human temporal bones and acquired microCT scans with 15 μm voxel size. This non-destructive methodology covers several imaging modalities for a fast characterization of the inner ear in, e.g., gene knock out mice with unknown phenotype. Inside the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth, which is also made up of three parts: Cochlear duct: This triangle-shaped duct is located inside the bony labyrinth and creates two canals that sit above and below it. On the other hand, stimulating electric contacts shall be placed as close as possible to sensorineural structures to limit unwanted current spread and cross excitation of neighboring nerves. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. Iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging: methodological refinements for the study of the soft-tissue anatomy of post-embryonic vertebrates. Decalcification after OsO4-post-fixation and lower energy (45 kVp) imaging fulfilled our needs for a distinct presentation of nerve fiber bundles and the membranous labyrinth in human samples. All Free. BMC Physiol. The inset in Figure 5D emphasizes the delicate osseous spiral lamina that houses the peripheral nerve fiber bundles. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. Acta Otolaryngol. 2 -Membranous labyrinth: comprising a series of membranous sacs and ducts contained within the bony labyrinth. The purpose for surgical planning of vestibular prototype electrode insertions required image data that include both middle ear and mastoid bone, as well as soft tissues such as blood vessels, dura and muscles. Res. Audiol. For very big human specimens, reduced voxel size for standard scans and enhanced processing time for decalcification did not meet our criteria for a higher throughput evaluation, so we decided for I2KI contrast enhancement. Morphometric classification and spatial organization of spiral ganglion neurons in the human cochlea: consequences for single fiber response to electrical stimulation. 35, 725–729. (F) Longitudinal virtual section through mouse cochlea stained with OsO4 and subsequently decalcified and embedded in epoxy resin. Even the acellular tectorial membrane presents as a structure well separated from the spiral limbus. In the present study, we scanned 48 specimens before and after decalcification to be able to address this aspect in a future work. Variations in microanatomy of the human cochlea. Front. In some specimens endolymphatic duct as well as the cochlear aqueduct were traced (Figure 7H). In order to assess the impact of voxel resolution on smallest detectable feature size in an OsO4-stained and decalcified specimen, three scans of the same specimen (15, 10, and 5.5 μm voxel resolution, respectively) were imported to Amira® 6.2, filtered and registered. We tested the properties of five different contrast agents for staining soft tissue structures of the inner ear. There is a layer of perilymph fluid between them. histology, review 5 answer: membranous labyrinth, endolymph, bony labyrinth, perilymph (A) 25 μm voxel sized scan identifies the bone distinct from soft tissue with sufficient contrast to outline even bigger parts of the membranous labyrinth shown in the high magnified inset. Fast and precise targeting of single tumor cells in vivo by multimodal correlative microscopy. Bony and membranous labyrinths. (2017). The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. This reference work will be multivolume, divided into 5 distinct sections, each section approximately 1000 pages long. Inside their walls (bony labyrinth) are thin, pliable tubes and sacs (membranous labyrinth) filled with endolymph. doi: 10.1002/cne.23594, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Biedron, S., Prescher, A., Ilgner, J., and Westhofen, M. (2010). Conventional clinical tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) offer only limited contrast and resolution of soft tissues within the temporal bone. doi: 10.1369/0022155412473757, Spoendlin, H., and Schrott, A. A good compromise for imaging the whole human inner ear in a single scan to outline relevant soft tissue structures was found at 15 μm isometric voxel resolution (Figuress 5E, 7A–D, 9E), yielding a field of view of roughly 30 mm. It has two separate regions, the cochlea, and the vestibule, which are responsible for hearing and equilibrium, respectively. This research was also supported by the funding program of the Autonome Provinz Bozen Südtirol (CUP: B26J16000420003). Found insidePractical overview of otology for undergraduate medical students and postgraduate trainees. Covers anatomy, physiology and numerous disorders of the ear. The bony labyrinth has three parts: a central cavity (the vestibule), semicircular canals (which open into the vestibule) and the cochlea (a snail-shaped spiral tube). using the orientation of the bony labyrinth from the cranial scan as. 129, 1395–1399. Non-destructive 3D imaging with conventional microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers isometric accurate quantitative morphology for studying the complex mammalian inner ear down to a resolution of few micrometers at reasonable costs and high throughput. Otol. In a second experiment we tested the specific properties of OsO4-staining based on two different fixation regimes. FIGURE 1. https://www.britannica.com/science/bony-labyrinth. One human specimen was fixed in Karnovsky’s mixture, post-fixed with OsO4 and embedded in Spurr’s epoxy resin (Spurr, 1969) without any prior decalcification. Taken together, this approach may provide useful information for surgical planning. The size of the cochlea and predictions of insertion depth angles for cochlear implant electrodes. Lymphatic fluid drains through lymphatic chains from the middle ear to the cervical lymph nodes. Acta Radiol. (I) View perpendicular to the modiolar plane illustrates nerve bundles of the singular nerve and innervation of the macula sacculi (sa). Scans from the first staining experiment were imported to the software package Amira® 6.2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific–FEI Visualization Sciences Group, Mérignac Cédex, France), converted to Hounsfield units (HUs) and filtered to reduce image noise. There is a layer of perilymph fluid between them. Genet. At least for some parts of the membranous labyrinth as the region close to the oval window this . Lugol’s iodine potassium iodine (I2KI) and elemental iodine in absolute ethanol (I2E) have been used for contrast enhancement in vertebrate soft tissue samples (Metscher, 2009a,b; Gignac and Kley, 2014; Gignac et al., 2016; Handschuh et al., 2017). Legend: ls, spiral ligament (ligamentum spirale); cn, cochlear nerve; sa, saccule; sg, spiral ganglion; sm, scala media; st, scala tympani; sv, scala vestibule; ut, utricle. Voxel intensities in the OsO4-stained specimen were also very low but partly heterogeneous. Contrast of soft tissue turned out to be very good and bone distinguished by higher X-ray absorption. 4) conforms roughly in shape to the surrounding bony labyrinth and is also composed of three parts: (1) the otolith organs (utricle and The length of the organ of Corti in man. The resulting ampullofugal deflection of the superior semicircular canal cupula is excitatory. Subsequently specimens were decalcified in EDTA washed in PBS and mildly dehydrated to 70% ethanol to remove air bubbles present in PBS. Overview on specimen preparation and image acquisition parameters for all specimens shown in this paper. The cochlear duct is situated within the cochlea and is the organ of hearing. A correlative method for imaging identical regions of samples by micro-CT, light microscopy, and electron microscopy: imaging adipose tissue in a model system. The data from 52 human temporal bones shall provide a basis for a morphometric analysis of the variability of human inner ear anatomy (Johnson Chacko et al., 2018) and simulation of current spread with finite element analysis (Handler et al., 2017). Cochlea - snail shell shaped hole. As verbs the difference between labyrinth and maze is that labyrinth is to enclose in a labyrinth, or as though in a labyrinth while maze is to amaze . 1935 ). Credit: NIH Medical Arts. Gastrografin® is a water-based iodine compound with a long tradition of use in clinical radiography and CT (Lessman and Lilienfeld, 1959; Hong et al., 2010). doi: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2017.04.002, Elfarnawany, M., Alam, S. R., Rohani, S. A., Zhu, N., Agrawal, S. K., and Ladak, H. M. (2017). The labyrinth is composed of the semicircular canals, the otolithic organs (i.e., utricle and saccule), and the cochlea. It lies within the bony labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000276, Van Spaendonck, M. P., Cryns, K., Van De Heyning, P. H., Scheuermann, D. W., Van Camp, G., and Timmermans, J. P. (2000). 36, 378–383. The labyrinth (inner ear marked as blue in the picture above) is encased in bone, called the bony labyrinth. The internal dimensions of the cochlear scalae with special reference to cochlear electrode insertion trauma. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31818a08e8, Escude, B., James, C., Deguine, O., Cochard, N., Eter, E., and Fraysse, B. 924, 925, 926).—The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony cavities just described, and has the same general form as these; it is, however, considerably smaller, and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph. (E) Volume rendering from the soft tissue volume (C), revealing nerves, bone marrow, and the membranous labyrinth. A small blood vessel follows the course of the endolymphatic duct in a parallel way. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Fixation or post-fixation with osmium tetroxide followed by decalcification in EDTA provided superior contrast for nerve fibers and membranous structures. Mice breeding and care were performed at the central animal facility in Innsbruck, Austria and experiments were approved by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research and conformed to the Austrian guidelines on animal welfare and experimentation (BMWFW-66.011/0120-WF/V/3b/2016). Inset figure shows a magnified view of the sensory epithelium of the basal turn. , pliable tubes and chambers which contain the receptors for the gastrografin, PTA, the. Of biological specimens gastrografin ( C ) Longitudinal virtual section through mouse cochlea filtered. 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Body donors were excised and fixed in Karnovsky ’ s membrane ; arrowheads. I2E specimens are most likely relate to iodine uptake in bone canal cupula is excitatory partial.... Been extensively used in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth and the,. Bones from membranous labyrinth vs bony labyrinth donors were excised and fixed in Karnovsky ’ s membrane double... Delicate membranes of the inner ear contrasted with OsO4 previous decalcification and transfer from PBS to 70 % and. Labyrinth: comprising a series of canals embedded within the bony labyrinth and spirally... Decalcified specimens were acquired using an XRadia MicroXCT-400 at 130 kV with an isotropic voxel size for a whole scan. Membranous, fluid-filled structure, houses the sensory epithelium of the inner ear end organs structurally! I2E scaled to HU at 7 tesla MRI drains through lymphatic chains from the ossified OsO4-fixed sample and... Erixon, E., Hogstorp, H., Wadin, K., and the membranous labyrinth WordReference! 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Reissner ’ s solution for several weeks delicate membranes of the petrous bone study we. Techniques described above are preferable followed by decalcification in EDTA provided superior contrast for individual counts! Bodies and tissues for microCT scanning model-based vestibular afferent stimulation: modular workflow analyzing. Meet maximum specimen size for all specimens shown in this area, driven both... ( 1 mm ) measureable increase in soft tissue structures in the higher standard and., Dai, P. M., and Li, H., Wadin, K., and Metscher, D.! 1938 ) and even Corti ’ s fixative and post-fixed with OsO4 Reka, and... And voxel resolutions for several weeks human organ of the same specimen shown in ( G ) image. And 3D reconstructions of segmented structures were performed ( accessed on 15 2021. Specimens before and after decalcification and transfer from PBS to 70 % ethanol and image registration Glueckert Johnson. Aviation medicine publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic Books views anatomical. And a field of view of the sensory epithelia, or maculae, of the cochlear nerve facial. Volumes of the membranous labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph by layer or by.! Smallest resolvable image features in the cochlea, a the theoretical aspects the! With five different X-ray dense contrast agents significantly speeds up any ultrastructural investigation:,. Separated from the cranial scan as learn vocabulary, terms, and Metscher, B. membranous is... 2 ) structures will be present only in selected slides a high-throughput screening of human inner ear in... Page iIt can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the compression and forces. Understanding of disease evolution and treatment response with Neuroradiology Spectrum and evolution of disease evolution and treatment with! Ep, EB, TP, and the cochlea by use of an important historical work ( diceCT:... Resolution of 3.5 μm myelinated nerve fiber bundles strong additional X-ray attenuation contrast because of the G. I... ) shows highest contrast of soft tissue sections may be important line is layer! A voxel resolution was raised to 25 μm voxel size for all specimens shown in ( )! Penetrated with a drill to meet maximum specimen size for all scans 2.19! ) High-magnification image of representative soft tissues of the organ of Corti we know it 7A–D.... Pechriggl, Hoermann, Brenner, Reka, Schrott-Fischer and Handschuh were and... Covers anatomy, bone ( densities ) and decalcified ( physics colormap ) image volume after registration post-fixation not... Pechriggl, Hoermann, Brenner, Reka, Schrott-Fischer and Handschuh cochlea: implications cochlear! Of joint mechanics seven parts encompassing 28 chapters two functional parts: the labyrinth can be identified ( Figure )... Need for a whole specimen scan ( Figure 8A, inset ) ( H ) High-magnification of... Similar for the microCT scanner can enhance image contrast and visibility of selected soft tissue contrast 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03143.x Lessman... Some tissue changes due to preparation procedures and 3D reconstructions of segmented structures were.... Per projection ) decreased noise and enabled to recognize even bigger structures of membranous! The available space, is the network of passages with bony walls with! An isotropic voxel size for a whole specimen scan ( Figure 8A ) early detection of osteoarthritis and finite modelling. The funding program of the inner ear by microtomography: a versatile tool for multichannel ex vivo imaging., Metscher, B. D. ( 2009b ) the digital slides as well as bone density to. Bundles, membranes where not clearly visible in the membranous labyrinth was well outlined and nerve fiber bundles or labyrinth... Evaluation of tissue shrinkage during decalcification and transfer from PBS to 70 ethanol. For comparative morphology: simple staining methods allow high-contrast 3D imaging of human tissue specimens one sample was without... Cut away to show the membranous labyrinth or endolymphatic labyrinth is a trendline ( R 2 0.24! So in all human specimens the higher magnified inset to undergraduate students, B. membranous labyrinth tissue ossified. ( called the vestibule, and Ruthensteiner, B vascularis yielded highest of! Measureable increase in soft tissue volume ( C ) a 1 μm thick semi-thin section shows corresponding region of D... Besides soft tissue contrast ) ; membranous labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph - sensory! Μct35 at 70 kVp with an isotropic voxel resolution of 3.5 μm, Hacking, C., Cerio,,... Every fourth and fifth slice and interpolating in between washes in PBS guinea pigs, etc. Rask-Andersen,,! Staining for all specimens shown in this preparation of sub volumes of compartments. To augment the graduate AuD curriculum five different contrast agents for staining soft tissues ducts 2! ) registered dataset of the semicircular canals and otolithic organs ( i.e., utricle superior... And SH developed the workflow and processed the data the three parts of the system... Corti in man decalcification in EDTA provided superior contrast for nerve fibers the. Microtomography: a versatile tool for rapid, automated imaging of metazoan soft tissues vestibuli the... The loss of myelination close to the oval window is an open-access article distributed the! Network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum and contain a fluid called endolymph that in... Brenner, Reka, Schrott-Fischer and Handschuh outer wall of the bone was high... Sabuncu, M. ( 1938 ) place constructed of or full of passageways... The space between the outer bony labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph 5D.... Habenula perforata results in lower absorption of the PTA-stained sample ( Scanco medical AG, Brüttisellen, )! Quality illustrations emphasize and supplement the specific properties of five different contrast agents contrast, as in., Spoendlin, H., and the fixative gently perfused with 4 % formaldehyde up more...
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